New+Hampshire

New Hampshire

Geography New Hampshire is part of the New England region. It is bounded by Quebec, Canada to the north and northwest; Massachusetts to the south; and Vermont to the west. New Hampshire's major regions are the Great North Woos, the White Mountains, the Lakes Region, the Seacoast, the Merrimack Valley, the Monadnock Region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any U.S. coastal state, with a length of 18 miles.The soil is stony and relatively infertile. New Hampshire ranks 48th nationally for agricultural exports. Harbors allowed settlers to fish, and trade with other countries and other colonies.

= ﻿History = First settlers were made up of Algonquian tribes.The colony that became the state of New Hampshire was founded on the division in 1629 of a land grant given seven years previouly by the council for New England to captain John Mason and Sir Ferdinando Georges. John T. Mason founded first permanent white settlement in New Hampshire in 1623.The colony was named New Hampshire after the english county of New Hampshire. It was first settled at odiorne's point in Rye by a group of fishermen from England under David Thompson in 1623, just three years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. The settlers built a fort, manor house and other buildings, some for fish processing, on Flake Hill. They called the settlement Pannaway Plantation. In 1623 the English explorer Christopher Levett, an associate of Gorges and a member of the Council for New England, wrote of visiting Thomson at his Pannaway Plantation The first native New Hampshire man, John Thompson, was born there. New Hampshire was one of the original 13 colonies.David Thompson had been sent by Mason, to be followed a few years later by Edward and William Hilton. In 1631, Captain Thomas Wiggin served as the first governor of the Upper Plantation. All the towns agreed to unite in 1639, but meanwhile Massachusetts had claimed the territory. In 1641 an agreement was reached with Massachusetts to come under its jurisdiction. Home rule of the towns was allowed. In 1653 Strawbery Banke petitioned the General Court of Massachusetts to change its name to Portsmouth, which was granted. In 1679 the king separated them, and Upper Plantation became the "Royal Province" with John Cutt as governor. They were reunited in 1686 and redivided in 1691. The "Royal Province" continued until 1698 when it came once more under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts with Joseph Dudley as Governor. In 1741 New Hampshire returned to its royal provincial status with a governor of its own, Benning Wentworth, who was its governor from 1741 to 1766. =﻿ = = Economics = The economy relied on fishing, followed by furs, shipbuliding, and lumber, in addition to small ventures in livestock and farming. Economic Activites included Trade and Fishing.One of the important resources which helped in developing our state was the great quantity of codfish off the coast. The colonists soon built boats from their lumber, and spent time fishing. The fish was dried, salted, and shipped to foreign countries, where it was in constant demand. Profitable commerce grew very rapidly. Several of the old New Hampshire families kept African or Indian slaves and many vessels were engaged in the slave trade. A cargo of rum and of iron bars was often shipped to Africa and exchanged for slaves, who were taken to Barbados and sold. This was known as the triangular trade. The **Triangular Trade ** was trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa. Some of the slaves were brought home and sold in the market like cattle. Rum and Sugar were sold as **cash crops .** Colonists tried to improve their economies by a new theory mercantilsim. **Mercantilism ** held that a country/colony should try and get and keep as much bullion, or gold and sliver as possible. However, slaves were not kept to any great extent in New Hampshire. London businessmen saw enormous potential for wealth in the region's abundant fishing, supernatural harbors, and vast resources of lumber and furs.   = Social = Several hundred settlers moved to New Hampshire to get fortune or escape the more authoritarian government of the Massachusetts Bay Company. New Hampshire was mostly populated with Purtians.Some were from England ans some from Massachusets. Most people came to New Hampshire to escape religious persecution.These Puritans were mostly middle-class businessmen and country men from England who had been most forced by the deep social changes and increased living costs in England.New England colonies worshipped as Church of England (Episcopal). New Hampshire was Congregational. The Congregational Church was Calvinist. Congregationalists split over questions of diversity. Some thought that members should create greater uniformity among church authorities and admission of new members should be widen. These differences were severe during the **Great Awakening **. Women in colonial America were commonly regarded as inferior. Women made up the majority of most churches.It was the proper role of women, to instruct their husbands and children in spiritual matters. = Political =

In 1679, the British government declared the colony of New Hampshire would remain heavily under the influence of Massachusetts. New Hampshire did not have its own governor. Instead, it was ruled by the lieutenant governor of Massachusetts, an arrangement that kept the two colonies closely aligned. In 1686, the government of all New England was given to Andros. He used his power to gain money from the settlers. After King James was overthrown, Andros was captured and sent to England as a prisoner of state. Eleven months after Andros was removed from New Hampshire, the colony remained without a government. Settlers realized they needed of a government. This was called **Salutary Neglect ** which was the ignoring of the colonies for their own health. Many colonies began to develop forms of self-rule.They needed to avoid attacks of the French and Indians. Therefore they sent delegates from Dover, Exeter, Hampton and Portsmouth to draw up a constitution. The charter was Proprietary from 1622-1641. New Hampshire continued a part of Massachusetts until 1679, when the king separated them. He joined them again in 1686 but they were finally separated in 1691, and New Hampshire again became a royal province, the president and council being appointed by the Crown and the assembly elected by the people. John Wentworth II was the most respected of New Hampshire’s colonial governors. He took a strong interest in all the common affairs of the province, was active in agriculture, surveyed the forests, and laid out new roads. He was a patron of the arts, and also of education. Wentworth devoted himself to putting the colony on a frim financial government for a complete separation between New Hampshire and Massachusetts.

Road to Revolution
 * [[image:http://www.kellscraft.com/ColonialLifeNH/PB281639.JPG width="321" height="377"]]**
 * [[image:http://www.kellscraft.com/ColonialLifeNH/PB281639.JPG width="321" height="377"]]**

French and Indian War New Hampshire was a rough frontier region that had been target of French inspired Indian raids for half the centuary. New Hampshire was The Native Americans remained a strong presence in northern New Hampshire for another 75 years.New Hampshires Native Americans joined their compatriots north, sparking a vicious and bloody Indian War throughout Northern New England that ended with the colonists pushing the Native. Americans completly out of the southern portion of the colony.<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The French renew their assaults on Fort Number 4 in New Hampshire. New Hampshire forces committed to the attack on the French fort at Crown Point. Allying themselves with the French in Canada, the Native Americans in northern New England conducted a series of raids against English settlers until the defeat of the French in 1763 in the French and Indian war. In a result to the defeat of the French, the Franco-Indian alliance was ended and it drove the remaining Native Americans from the region. Revolution New Hampshire was on of the 13 colonies that revolted with the British rule in the American Revolution. It was the first state to declare Independent in January 1776, meaning that for the ne following six months until the founding of the United States of America with the Declaration of Independence, New Hampshire was the first post colonial nation-state in the Americas. The historic attack on Fort William and Mary (now Fort Constitution) helped supply the cannon and ammunition for the Continental Army that was needed for the Battle of Bunker Hill that took place north of Boston a few months later. New Hampshire would raise three regiments for the Continental Army, the 1st, 2nd and 3rd New Hampshire regiments. New Hampshire Militia units would be called up to fight at the Battle of Bunker Hill, Battle of Bennington, Saratoga Campaign and the Battle of Rhode Island. John Paul Jones' ship Sloop-of-War USS Ranger and the firgate USS Raleigh were built in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, along with other navail ships for the Continental Navy and privateers to hunt down British merchant shipping. New Hampshire played a role in the war. Regiments joined the fighting. They sent large numbers of men to the army and enlisting its mercantile fleet ad privateers for the American cause. New Hampshire was the ninth state to ratify the Constitution. According to the rules of the Constitutional Convention, its support for the document allowed the Constitution to go into effect.

Ci ta ti on

"New Hampshire." //American History//. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 30 Sept. 2010. [] [] [] []

America: Pathways To The Present. Prentice Hall: Andrew Cayton, Elisabeth Israels Perry, Linda Reed, and Allan M. Winkler.